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Culture® 4.0
The Contextual Guide and Internet Index to Western Civilization

Baroque (1600-1750)
Miscellaneous Grids

DOCUMENT OUTLINE
Early Baroque (1600-1630)
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Spanish Netherlands
Middle Baroque (1630-1670)
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Dutch Republic
Mature Baroque (1670-1710)
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria -- Italy
Late Baroque (1710-1750)
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria

Early Baroque (1600-1630) Miscellaneous

Britain (1600-1630)

• English East India Company founded in 1600.
  • WWW -- East India Company
    • East India Company -- Official site (see History).
    • East India Company (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
• Oxford and Cambridge granted parliamentary representation in 1604 (withdrawn in 1948).
• Jamestown founded in 1607 -- 1st English settlement in America.
• Henry Hudson (c.1570-1611) explores Hudson River in 1609.
• Pocahontas (c.1595-1617) marries John Rolfe (1585-1622) in 1614.
• Glass industry begun in 1614.
• Plymouth Colony founded in 1620.
• Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) denounced for playing cricket in 1620.
• Colonial Office established in London in 1625.
• Massachusetts founded in 1629.
• (Early Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1600-1630)

• Gobelin tapestries begun in 1601.
• beginning of public advertising in Paris in 1680.
• Samuel de Champlain 1567-1635
  • French explorer, founder (1608) of the city of Quebec (Canada) and discoverer (1609) of the lake that bears his name.
  • WWW -- Samuel de Champlain
    • Living in Canada in the Time of Champlain (Canadian Museum of Civilization) -- An impressive site.
    • Samuel de Champlain (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
    • Voyages (American Revolution) -- Online text (excerpts).
    • The Foundation of Quebec (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
• (Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Spanish Netherlands (1600-1630)

• Dutch East India Company founded in 1602.
  • 1st modern public company with "shares" in 1610.
• The Bank of Amsterdam was established in 1609.
• Dutch colony of New Amsterdam founded in 1625 (later renamed New York).
  • (See Baroque II Essay "The Dutch Republic")
• (Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Middle Baroque (1630-1670) Miscellaneous

Britain (1630-1670)

• Lord Baltimore founds Maryland in 1632.
  • ART: Lord Baltimore -- Ridpath image.
• 1st coffee shop opens in London in 1632.
  • WWW: The First English Coffee-Houses (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
• Harvard College founded in 1636 -- named after John Harvard (1607-1638).
  • WWW -- Harvard
    • Harvard University -- Official site (includes a History page and a Virtual Tour).
    • John Harvard (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
• Income and property taxes introduced in England in 1642.
• English occupy the Bahamas in 1646.
• 1st newspaper advertisement in 1647.
• George Fox (1624-1691) founds the Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1648.
• Tea 1st drunk in England in 1650.
• 1st coffee house in Oxford in 1650.
• Drinking chocolate introduced in London in 1657.
• Robert Boyle (1627-1691) defines chemical elements in 1661.
  • WWW: Robert Boyle (bartleby) -- Brief overview and commentary.
• New Jersey founded in 1665.
• The Great Fire of London in 1666.
  • ("In 1666 London burned like wooden sticks")
• 1st cheddar cheese in 1666.
• (Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1630-1670)

• Tea appears for the 1st time in Paris in 1636.
• 1st letter boxes in Paris in 1653.
• 1st stockings and fountain pens manufactured in Paris in 1657.
• (Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Dutch Republic (1630-1670)

• Dutch peasants (Boers) settle in South Africa in 1660.
• (Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Mature Baroque (1670-1710) Miscellaneous

Britain (1670-1710)

• The Royal Observatory at Greenwich established in 1675.
• The Ashmolean Museum, Britain's oldest, was established in 1677 by antiquarian Elias Ashmole; the museum of art, archaeology and natural history was opened to the public in 1683.
  • ART: Ashmolean Museum
  • WWW: Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology -- Official site.
• The Bank of England founded in 1694 (based on the model of the Bank of Amsterdam established in 1609).
  • WWW -- Bank of England
    • Bank of England -- Official site.
• 1st property insurance in 1696.
• 1st English daily paper, the Daily Courant appeared in 1702.
• Queen Anne originates idea of horseracing sweepstakes in 1702.
• 1st Copyright Act in 1709.
• Ascot races established in 1711.
  • WWW -- Ascot races
    • Ascot Racecourse -- Official info.
    • Ascot (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
• Salem witchcraft trials
  • A series of "investigations" and trials held between March and October 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Influenced by voodoo tales told by Tituba, a West Indian slave, 2 young girls in the household of the Reverend Samuel Parris started behaving oddly (e.g., writhing around on the ground, casting spells) and claimed to be possessed by the devil. When these girls accused 3 Salem women of witchcraft, public hysteria and the prosecutors were off and running. Samuel Sewall, William Stoughton and John Hathorne were the special court's judges. Ultimately, some 150 people were imprisoned during the spring and summer of 1692. After 20 men and women were executed (19 by hanging, 1 crushed to death by stones), the colonists came to their senses and Governor William Phips (whose wife was accused of witchcraft) dissolved the special court in October and released the remaining prisoners. Cotton Mather's The Wonders of the Invisible World (1693) described some of the Salem trials. In 1711, heirs of the alleged witches were compensated for their losses.
  • ART: Salem Witchcraft Trial -- Ridpath image.
  • WWW -- Salem Witchcraft Trials
    • Salem Witchcraft Trials (Library of Congress) -- Images, text and links.
    • Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692 (umkc) -- Another good comprehensive site.
    • Witchcraft (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
    • Salem Witch Village/Wax Museum -- Keep clicking; there's some pertinant info to be found here.
    • Salem Witchcraft Hysteria (National Geographic) -- A multimedia expedition of sorts.
    • Witchcraft Documents (Medieval Sourcebook) -- Background documents on 15th-century European attitudes towards witchcraft.
    • Witch Riding a Ram Backwards (CGFA) -- Engraving by Durer.
    • Witchcraft (CGFA) -- Painting by Dossi Dosso (mirror at UNC).
    • An Assembly of Witches (CGFA) -- Painting by Frans Francken II (mirror at UNC).
• (Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1670-1710)

• Aubusson commissioned by Louis XIV for tapestries and carpets in 1665.
• Ice cream becomes popular in Paris in 1677.
• Pierre Perignon (Dom Perignon) 1638-1715.
  • the Benedictine monk who discovered the method for making champagne
• (Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1670-1710)

• 1st German coffeehouse in Hamburg in 1679.
• (Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Italy (1670-1710)

• Bartolomeo Cristofori (1635-1731)
  • invents the hammer action pianoforte in 1709
  • WWW: Pianoforte (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
• (Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Late Baroque (1710-1750) Miscellaneous

Britain (1710-1750)

• Typewriter patent in 1714.
• Gin becomes popular in Great Britain in 1724.
• 10 Downing Street built in 1731.
• John Kay (1704-1764) invented the flying shuttle (a new weaving machine) in 1733.
  • WWW: John Kay (bartleby) -- Brief overview.
• The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers founded in 1744.
• (Late Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1710-1750)

• Vaudevilles appear in Paris in 1715.
• (Late Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1710-1750)

• Meissen porcelain factory founded in 1710.
  • WWW: Meissen Official Site -- Includes History.
• 1st cuckoo clocks in Black Forest district in 1738.
• (Late Baroque CultureGrid)

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