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Culture® 4.0
The Contextual Guide and Internet Index to Western Civilization

WWW Resources

(This page is from the Culture 4.0 program -- all WWW links are functional.)

By Discipline
General -- Archeology -- Architecture -- Art -- Dance -- Film -- History
Literature -- Music -- Photography -- Religion/Philosophy -- Science
By Period
Biblical & Antiquity -- Greece -- Rome -- Medieval
Renaissance -- Baroque -- Classic -- Romantic -- 20th Century
Miscellaneous
Internet Technical Information and Software Downloading Sites

Introduction and Disclaimer

The internet is a vast and rapidly-expanding resource and in our collective surfing of the past several years, we have been continually amazed at the variety and quality of the sites we have visited. Culture 4.0 contains more than 25,000 links to the World Wide Web (WWW) adding a new dimension to the program which we know our users will appreciate (see The Computer as a Cultural Literacy Station). Some of the key sites are listed below by discipline and period.

We should state the obvious, that the WWW links in our program are by no means presumed to be definitive. On the contrary, we are continually adding new sites to Culture and would greatly appreciate information regarding sites that we have missed (please forward site info to us at Culture).

Additionally, while we have checked the accuracy of our WWW links as of the Culture 4.0 release date of March 2000 (links on this website are continually updated), the reality of the internet is that website addresses (URLs) change often and not always with a forwarding link to the new site address. Accordingly, we encourage our users to visit our web site frequently (Cultural Resources) regarding upgrade release information.

Finally, our legal counsel advises we point out another fact of life: while we have made a determined effort to review the contents of web sites linked to from Culture 4.0, we can assume no responsibility or liability related to the content of these locations.

General and Multi-Discipline WWW Sites

• WWW Virtual Library -- A mega-source.
• Internet Public Library -- An extensive collection of annotated links; see Arts & Humanities.
• Voice of the Shuttle (Alan Liu) -- This metasite (compilations of links to other sites) provides an ambitious overview of Western humanities.
• Creative Impulse: The Artist's View of World History and Western Civilization (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Another impressive metasite.
• Malespina Great Books -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources for hundreds of artists, philosophers, composers, writers, etc.
• EDSITEment -- "...brings together the best of the humanities on the web. It is a constantly growing collection of the most valuable online resources for teaching English, history, art history, and foreign languages. EDSITEment is a joint project of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Council of the Great City Schools, MCI WorldCom, and the National Trust for the Humanities."
• Kidinfo.com - Your Guide to Homework Help, and the BEST Educational Games Websites
• UNESCO Archives Portal -- "National archives around the world."
• WebRing -- A consortium and overview of thousands of web rings.
• The Cosmic Baseball Association -- "The CBA is a baseball league of the imagination. Our focus on the great game of the quadrature is more poetic than athletic...We hope the Cosmic Baseball Association will be experienced as an art exhibit or educational resource." While this may be a "warning track" site for some, others may find it to be web creativity at its best. A collection of cross-cultural historical figures as players (e.g., Spinoza, Cortes, Beethoven, Kerouac) grouped into teams (e.g., PreRaphaelite Brotherhood, Vestal Virgins, Dharma Beats) who play games.
• Encyclopedia Britannica -- While the entire EB was formerly freely posted, it is now, unfortunately, a pay-for-service site.

Archeology

• Archeology (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
• WWW Virtual Library: Archeology (archnet.uconn) -- Links.
• Archaeology (The Ancient World Web) -- A collection of annotated links.
• Archaeology on the Net Web Ring -- An extensive group of related websites (see list).

Architecture

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • WWW Virtual Library: Architecture (clr.toronto) -- Links.
  • Architecture (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
  • Architecture Web Sites (Jeffery Howe) -- Links.
• Archives
  • The Great Buildings Collection -- "The Great Buildings Collection is a gateway to architecture from around the world and across history. The Great Buildings Online documents hundreds of buildings and leading architects with 3D models, photographic images and architectural drawings, plus commentaries, bibliographies, and web links, for famous designers and structures of all kinds."
  • Digital Archive of American Architecture (Boston College) -- Images by Jeffery Howe.
  • Digital Archive of European Architecture (Boston College) -- Images by Jeffery Howe.
  • Medieval Art and Architecture (Alison Stones) -- An impressive archive of images.
  • The National Trust -- A vast collection of historical sites and buildings with general info and select images.
  • English Heritage -- Second only to the National Trust.

Art

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • Artcyclopedia -- Links to web resources for several thousand artists and museums; very well done.
  • Mitsuharu Matsuoka's Art Resource Index -- A great collection of art-related links.
  • Creative Impulse: Art (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Another excellent collection of links.
  • ArtDaily -- "The First Art Newspaper on the Net." Links and info on a variety of topics.
  • Orazio Centaro's Art Images on the Web -- "The most complete Cataloge of Art Images on the web." Extensive listings for those painters, sculptors, architects and photographers who are listed.
  • WWW Virtual Library: Art History -- Links.
  • Art & Art History Pages (Voice of the Shuttle by Alan Liu) -- Links.
• Online Museums and Archives
  • Museum Lists
    • Museum List (Artcyclopdia) -- An excellent compilation.
    • WWW Virtual Library: Museums -- And another.
    • Essential Resources for Visual Resources Professionals (umich) -- And another.
  • Virtual Archives
    • Carol Gerten's Fine Art: A Virtual Art Museum -- A virtual museum complete with biographies and graphics of a large list of artists (mirror site at sunsite.dk). Very nicely done.
    • Paris WebMuseum (Famous Paintings Index) -- Another virtual museum complete with profiles and graphics of a large list of artists (mirror site at ibiblio.org).
    • Mark Harden's Artchive -- A fascinating collection of images, exhibitions, reviews and more; very well done.
    • Web Gallery of Art -- "The Web Gallery of Art is a virtual museum and searchable database of European painting and sculpture of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods (1200-1700), currently containing over 6,000 reproductions. Biographies, commentaries, guided tours are available. Free postcard service is provided for the visitors."
    • Malek's Galleries -- A collection of galleries.
    • ANU Art & Architecture Database -- Thousands of images and a very capable search engine.
    • Digital Imaging Project (Mary Ann Sullivan) -- "Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from Classical Greek to Post-Modern." A concise and growing archive.
  • Online Museums
    • National Gallery of Art (DC) -- Includes a variety of overviews of the collection, in-depth study tours, various online exhibitions and more. Very nicely done; many works have detailed views, background info, etc.
    • The Metropolitan Museum of Art -- A growing archive with over 3,500 images available as of late 1999.
    • The Hermitage -- Russia's finest museum.
    • Tate Galleries -- "The Tate galleries house the national collection of British art from the sixteenth century to the present day, including the Turner Bequest, and the national collection of international modern art."
    • Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco -- A remarkable collection of over 75,000 images.
• Art History and Criticism
  • Art History Resources on the Web (Chris Witcombe) -- A nice collection.
  • Mother of All Art History Link Pages (Andrew Midkiff) -- A well-organized collection of links.
  • WWW Virtual Library: Art History -- Links.
  • Art History Departments and Programs (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
  • Art History Courses (Creative Impulse) -- Links.
  • Theory and Criticism (Mark Harden's Artchive) -- A collection of online analyses of major works (also see Juxtapositions at the same site).
  • Art History 201 Syllabus (Nick Cahill) -- An extensive collection of pages (with text, images and maps) comprising an impressive overview of art history up to the early Renaissance.
  • Art History: A Preliminary Handbook (R.J. Belton) -- Methodology overview.
• Art Techniques and Terminology
  • Artists on Art (Giff Constable) -- A fascinating group of select quotations from major artists on a variety of topics (Inspiration & Perseverance, The Painting Process, Painting Style, Originality, Looking at Art). Very well done.
  • Bill's University Art Department Directory (Bill Fisher) -- "Welcome to Bill Fisher's University Art Department Directory. This site is designed to provide quick access to art department and print area home pages."
  • Art & Technology (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links; mostly on computers and art.
• WWW Art Resources by Period
  • Greek (from Culture 4.0 Greek Art Essay)
    • Greek Art and Archeology (Perseus) -- An excellent archive.
    • 19th-Century Photography of Ancient Greece (Getty Research Institute) -- An interesting archive of images.
    • Greek Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Art and Architecture of the Aegean (UCCS) -- Another extensive archive of images.
    • The Ancient City of Athens (Indiana) -- "A photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens (Greece)." Well done.
    • Maecenas: Images of Greece and Rome (Buffalo) -- This archive has an emphasis on Rome.
    • Major Temples and Sanctuaries in the Greek Homeland (uoregon) -- Historical map.
    • Greek Vase Painters (Perseus) -- A collection of essays.
  • Roman (from Culture 4.0 Roman Art Essay)
    • Forum Romanum (ThinkQuest) -- An impressive archive that goes beyond Roman architecture into many facets of Roman life; very well done.
    • Index of Roman Images (EAWC) -- A lengthy collection of links to related images on the web.
    • Roman Art and Architecture Images (UCCS) -- Another extensive archive of images.
    • Maecenas: Images of Greece and Rome (Buffalo) -- This archive has an emphasis on Rome.
    • Roman Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Roman Art and Architecture (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Roman Archeology Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
  • Medieval (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Art Essay)
    • Medieval Art and Architecture (Alison Stones, U. of Pittsburgh) -- An excellent archive of images, maps and other resources.
    • Medieval Art (NetSERF) -- A nice collection of links.
    • Medieval Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- And another.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Medieval Art (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major medieval artists.
  • Renaissance (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Art Essay)
    • Artcyclopedia References (overviews with numerous links to related artists)
      • Early Renaissance
      • High Renaissance
    • Renaissance Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance and Baroque Architecture (C. W. Westfall) -- Image archive.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Renaissance Art (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Renaissance artists.
  • Baroque (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Art Essay)
    • Baroque Art (Artcyclopedia) -- An overview and numerous links to related artists.
    • Baroque Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque 1600-1790 (WebMuseum) -- Links to artist profiles and images plus a general overview of Baroque art.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Baroque Architecture (C.W.Westfall, Virginia) -- An excellent collection of images.
    • Baroque Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Baroque artists.
  • Classic (from Culture 4.0 Classic Art Essay)
    • Artcyclopedia References
      • Neoclassicism
      • Academic Art
    • Enlightenment Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Revolution and Restoration 1600-1790 (WebMuseum) -- An overview of European art (1740-1860)
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • 18th-Century Art & Architecture Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classic Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Classic-era artists.
  • Romantic (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Art Essay)
    • Romanticism (Artcyclopedia) -- An overview and numerous links to related artists.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is one of the best online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Age of Industry Art (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Romanticism (WebMuseum) -- Overview with select links.
    • Romantic Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic artists.
  • 20th Century (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Art Essay)
    • Modern Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources (1900-1945).
    • Recent Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources (1945+).
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is perhaps the best online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Modern Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic artists.

Dance

• American Ballet Theatre -- Official site.
• Dance (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
• Don's Dance Links -- Links.
• Dance Links (James White, Jon Wright, & Amy Reusch) -- Links.
• Creative Impulse: Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Another collection of links.
• Yahoo Dance Links -- As advertised.

Film

• Internet Movie Database -- A superb archive.
• American Film Institute -- Includes a catalog of 4,000+ films, profiles of 100 legendary actors and actresses and more.
• tdfilm.com -- Numerous resources and links.
• ReelClassics -- "Here you will find pictures and posters of my favorite movies and stars (both the legends and some lesser knowns), biographies and filmographies, some articles, sound bites and movie clips, links to others' classic pages-- even a few celebrity mailing addresses."
• Modern History in the Movies (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Arranged chronologically by Paul Halsall with links to the Internet Movie Database.
• Movies (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh) -- A nice collection of annotated links.
• Digital Film Festival -- "The goal of the festival is both to entertain, by showing audiences the very best work done by today's new breed of digital filmmakers, and to inspire, by actively teaching them how they can do it themselves."

History

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • WWW Virtual Library: History (ukans) -- Links to resources.
  • Creative Impulse: History (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Another impressive collection of links.
  • History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links to related web sites.
  • Historical Text Archive (Don Mabry) -- A collection of links to related web sites.
  • The History Ring (Phil Konstantin) -- An extensive collection of links to related web sites.
• Archives and Content Sites
  • Internet History Sourcebooks Project (Paul Halsall) -- "The Internet History Sourcebooks are collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts presented cleanly (without advertising or excessive layout) for educational use." A remarkable collection of resources and links.
  • Library of Congress Country Studies -- "A continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army." These detailed profiles include historical, political, social and economic information on over 100 countries, including those noted below:
    • Albania -- Algeria -- Austria -- Belarus -- Brazil -- Chile -- China -- Colombia -- Czechoslovakia
    • Ecuador -- Egypt -- Finland -- Georgia -- Germany -- Guyana -- Hungary -- India
    • Iran -- Iraq -- Israel -- Japan -- Jordon -- Mexico -- Nepal -- Nigeria -- North Korea
    • Pakistan -- Peru -- Poland -- Romania -- Russia -- South Africa -- Spain -- Sri Lanka
    • Syria -- Turkey -- Uganda -- Uruguay -- Venezuela -- Vietnam -- Yugoslavia
  • HyperHistory Online -- "Over 1200 files covering 3000 years of world history." Includes interactive maps, profile, links and more; well done.
  • The History Guide (Steven Kreis) -- "The History Guide has been created for the high school and undergraduate student who is either taking classes in history, or who intends to major in history in college." An interesting collection of essays (with numerous links to other sites) arranged chronologically; also see Resources for Historians at the same site.
  • The History Channel -- An excellent historical archive; includes an extensive list of speeches and sound files.
  • The History Net -- Includes dozens of articles from an impressive archive; has an emphasis on military history.
  • History (eserver) -- A nice collection of links and online texts.
  • EarthStation1 -- "The Internet's #1 Sound & Picture Archive Wavs, Sounds, Pictures & Video of the Media Age." As advertised; very impressive.
  • Rulers -- "This site contains lists of heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders who don't occupy either of those formal positions) of all countries and territories, usually going back to at least 1900." A comprehensive listing.
  • Royal Genealogies (Ed Stephan) -- A collection of listing for Roman emperors and monarchs of major European countries; nicely done.
  • World Civilizations (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- "World Cultures is the culmination of over two years of web-based teaching and learning. The site combines the reading and course materials of two World Cultures courses taught using web-based materials since Fall of 1994. The site is now expanding into a larger resource for a larger population and distribution of students and will eventually consist of a rich anthology of readings, a complete set of textbook materials, a set of interrelated learning modules, and a finished glossary."
  • History (Malespina Great Books) -- Internet resources for an extensive list of historical figures.

Literature

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • English Literature (Voice of the Shuttle)
  • Other Literature (Voice of the Shuttle)
  • Creative Impulse: Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz)
  • WWW Virtual Library: Literature (Internet Book Information Center)
  • Literature (Malespina Great Books) -- Internet resources for an extensive list of writers.
  • English Language and Literature (utoronto) -- Links to various archives.
  • Electronic Texts (Jack Lynch) -- Ditto.
  • Great Books Index (Ken Roberts) -- "An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation" for several dozen key authors.
  • Pegasos: A Literature Related Resource Site -- Includes more than seven hundred biographies of famous writers (see Index).
• Archives and Content Sites
  • Project Gutenberg -- Perhaps the mother of all e-text archives.
  • English Server (CMU) -- Another monster archive. Includes the following collections:
    • Books -- Fiction -- Drama -- Poetry
  • The Online Books Page (upenn) -- "Our local index includes more than 9000 English works in various formats."
  • Electronic Text Center (virginia) -- "The Center combines an on-line archive of thousands of SGML-encoded electronic texts and images with a library service that offers hardware and software suitable for the creation and analysis of text." See English Online Resources for listings which include the following:
    • American Hypertexts (virginia) -- An impressive collection.
    • The Modern English Collection (AD 1500-present) -- "This heterogenous collection contains fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama, letters, newspapers, manuscripts and illustrations from 1500 to the present, arranged for browsing by author's last name or by category of interest."
    • British Poetry 1780-1910: a Hypertext Archive of Scholarly Editions
  • University of Toronto Library -- Includes the following collections:
    • Author Index: Representative Poetry On-Line -- Works of more than 300 writers.
    • Renaissance electronic texts -- "A series of old-spelling, SGML-encoded editions of early individual copies of English Renaissance books and manuscripts, and of plain transcriptions of such works, published on the World Wide Web as a free resource for students of the period."
  • Bartleby.com -- "The preeminent Internet publisher of literature, reference and verse providing students, researchers and intellectually curious with unlimited access to books and information on the web, free of charge." Dozens of "Great Books Online" (reference, verse, fiction and non-fiction) from the late 18th through the early 20th centuries.
  • Online Book Initiative -- Large collection of E-texts.
  • Renacence Editions: Works Printed in English, 1477-1799 (uoregon) -- "Renascence Editions is an effort to make available online works printed in English between the years 1477 (when Caxton began printing) and 1799."
  • Other Poetry Sites
    • The Academy of American Poets -- An archive of profiles, links and other resources for several hundred major poets (not limited to American poets -- see list).
    • Bohemian Ink: On-line Review of the History and Future of Experimental Literature and Poetry (Christopher D. Ritter) -- Focus on modern writers but also includes some historical works.
    • Electronic Poetry Center (buffalo) -- Another archive of several hundred poets.
    • Modern American Poetry (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) -- And another.
• WWW Literature Resources by Period
  • Greek (from Culture 4.0 Greek Literature Essay)
    • Greek Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Greece and Hellenistic (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- Impressive collections of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
    • Hellenistic Greek Culture (Paul Halsall) -- A collection of links to related sites.
    • Internet Classics Archives (Daniel C. Stevenson, MIT) -- An extensive archive of Greek and Latin literature.
    • Ancient Theater (Malaspina Great Books) -- A list of select Greek and Roman playwrights with links to further resources.
    • Classical Drama Sites (Medea) -- A select list of links.
  • Roman (from Culture 4.0 Greek Literature Essay)
    • Roman Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Internet Classics Archives (Daniel C. Stevenson, MIT) -- An extensive archive of Greek and Latin literature.
    • Latin Literature (Forum Romanum) -- An extensive list of Roman and early medieval authors with links to related resources and online texts.
    • Roman Literary Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
    • Roman Drama Resources (Dalton School) -- And another.
    • Latin Library (Ad Fontes Academy) -- An impressive collection of Latin texts.
    • Rome (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
    • Ancient Theater (Malaspina Great Books) -- A list of select Greek and Roman playwrights with links to further resources.
  • Medieval (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Literature Essay)
    • Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Literature Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
    • Medieval Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Medieval Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Renaissance (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Literature Essay)
    • English Renaissance and 17th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
    • Sixteenth Century English Renaissance Literature (Luminarium) -- An excellent site!
    • Renaissance Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
    • Renascence Editions (uoregon) -- "An Online Repository of Works Printed in English Between the Years 1477 and 1799."
  • Baroque (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Literature Essay)
    • English Renaissance and 17th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
    • Resoration and 18th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A related page.
    • Enlightenment Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Classic (from Culture 4.0 Classic Literature Essay)
    • Resoration and 18th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links.
    • Enlightenment: Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • 18th-Century Literature Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classic Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Romantic (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Literature Essay)
    • Industry Age: Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Numerous links to resources.
    • Romantic Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links (see also Victorian).
    • The Romantic (Western Canon) -- Links to resources for select writers.
    • Romantic Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • 20th Century (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Literature Essay)
    • Modern English Literature Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links.
    • Modern Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources (1900-1945).
    • Recent Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources (1945+).
    • Modern Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.

Music

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • WWW Virtual Library: Music -- Access to links (also see Classical Music).
  • Music (Malespina Great Books) -- Internet resources for an extensive list of composers.
  • Paul Geffen's Mostly Classical Music Index -- Links to sites on composers, performers, orchestras, etc.
  • Creative Impulse: Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Another collection of links.
• General Classical Music Sites and Archives
  • Classical Musicians Dictionary -- Includes profiles of several hundred composers, MIDI files and more.
  • Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers (Steven G. Estrella) -- Composer profiles, essays and more.
  • Music and Dance Page (Voice of the Shuttle by Alan Liu) -- Links galore.
  • Classic Composers Database -- While the individual entries are not detailed, there are links to other sites for many composers.
  • The Classic Music Pages by Matt Boynick -- An interesting assorment of information pertaining to classical music. The collection of biographies are extracted from Grove's Concise Dictionary of Music.
• MIDI Archives (digitized sound files)
  • The Classical Archives (Pierre R. Schwob) -- Has to be seen (and heard) to be believed. The mother of all MIDI libraries.
  • Midiworld -- A wide variety of MIDI-related info including a nice collection of MIDI files for classical and jazz composers.
• WWW Music Resources by Period
  • Medieval (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Music Essay)
    • Medieval Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • The Gregorian Chant Home Page (Peter Jeffery) -- An excellent site.
    • Medieval Music (stevenestrella) -- Overview and links.
    • Medieval Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Early and Traditional Music (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Medieval Music (NetSERF) -- Select links.
    • Medieval Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major medieval composers.
  • Renaissance (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Music Essay)
    • Renaissance Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Music and Dance of the Renaissance (Center for Fawkesian Pursuits) -- Resources and links.
    • Renaissance Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Renaissance composers.
    • Renaissance Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Early and Traditional Music (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Renaissance Consort (Yasuhiko Higaki) -- An overview of early instruments.
    • Renaissance Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Baroque (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Music Essay)
    • Baroque Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Baroque Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Baroque Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Baroque composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Baroque composers.
    • 18th-Century Music Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Journal of Seventeenth Century Music -- The Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music (JSCM) is published by the Society for Seventeenth-Century Music to provide a refereed forum for scholarly studies of the musical cultures of the seventeenth century. These include historical and archival studies, performance practice, music theory, aesthetics, dance and theater. The JSCM also publishes critical reviews and summary listings of recently published books, scores, recordings, and electronic media.
    • Baroque Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Classic (from Culture 4.0 Classic Music Essay)
    • Enlightenment-Era Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Classic Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Classical Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • 18th-Century Music Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Classic-era composers.
    • Classic Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Classic composers.
    • Classic Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Romantic (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Music Essay)
    • Nationalism and Music (Modern History Sourcebook) -- "A multimedia exploration of themes in the developmental stages of nationalism."
    • Age of Industry: Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Romantic Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Romantic Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Romantic composers.
    • Romantic Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic composers.
    • Romantic Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • 20th Century (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Music Essay)
    • 20th Century Composers (Ben Arnold) -- An excellent archive; also see the Chronolgy at the same site.
    • Modern [1900-1945] Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Early 20th-Century Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Late 20th-Century Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • 20th-Century Music and Dance (Voice of the Shuttle) -- More links.
    • 20th-Century Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of modern composers.
    • Modern Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic composers.
    • Modern Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.

Photography

• Photography (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
• Photography (Mother of All Art History Link Pages) -- Links.
• Masters of Photography -- An impressive archive.
• Photography Links (NGA) -- Annotated links.
• A History of Photography from its beginnings till the 1920s (Robert Leggat) -- Includes biographies and other resources.

Religion/Philosophy

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • Religious Studies Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
  • Philosophy Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links.
  • WWW Virtual Library: Philosophy -- And more links.
  • Guide to Philosophy on the Internet (Peter Suber) -- An extensive list of annotated links.
  • Hippias (evansville) -- "Limited Area Search of Philosophy on the Internet." As advertised.
  • 18th-Century Philosophy Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
  • 18th-Century Religion & Theology Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
  • Links of Philosophical Interest (mmuth) -- Links.
• Archives and Content Sites
  • The Philosophy Pages (Garth Kemerling) -- Includes dictionary of terms, history, profiles, timeline, links and study guide. Well done.
  • Bjorn's Guide to Philosophy (Björn Christensson) -- Includes profiles and links for major philosophers.
  • The Internet Encyclopdia of Philosophy -- An online philosophical encyclopedia.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy -- Another online philosophical encyclopedia.
  • Ecole Initiative -- A remarkable early church history archive containing links to a wide variety of documents, images and other online resources. Anthony F. Beavers, University of Evansville, Founder, and Karen Ræ Keck & Norman Hugh Redington, St. Pachomius Library, General Editors.
  • The Christian Classics Ethereal Library -- An archive of related online source materials.
  • Philosophy (eserver) -- Online texts.
  • The Secular Web Library (Internet Infidels) -- "With over 6,000 documents and more than 190,000 unique visitors per month, the Secular Web is the largest and most heavily visited nontheistic web site on the Internet." An impressive archive (see author list).
• WWW Religion/Philosophy Resources by Period
  • Greek (from Culture 4.0 Greek Religion/Philosophy Essay)
    • Greek Religion, Mythology and Philosophy (Nancy B. Mantz) -- An extensive collection of links.
    • Summary of Apollodorus' Library (Perseus) -- An overview of Greek mythology with links to online text from Apollodorus, Herodotus, and Pausanias.
    • Classical Myth: The Ancient Sources (University of Victoria) -- Another good website devoted to Greek mythology.
    • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology -- As advertised.
    • Bullfinch's Mythology (Bob Fisher) -- Online text (in HTML with links) of the first volume which includes Greek mythology.
    • Internet Enclopedia of Philosophy -- Includes numerous articles and online documents (see Greek Philosophy).
    • History of Ancient Philosophy (UWashington) -- Online seminar by Marc Cohen.
    • Greek Thought: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Ancient Greek Philosophy (Rice) -- Online seminar.
    • Study Guide: Philosophical Background of the Fifth Century B.C. (Brooklyn College) -- Background info and questions for review and comprehension.
    • Study Guide: Philosophical Background of the Hellenistic Age (Brooklyn College) -- Background info and questions for review and comprehension.
  • Roman (from Culture 4.0 Roman Religion/Philosophy Essay)
    • Roman Religion, Mythology and Philosophy (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Roman Astrology, Magic, Religion & Philosophy (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Roman Philosophical Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
    • Roman Religion Resources (Dalton School) -- And another.
    • Roman Religion (Forum Romanum) -- Overview with interarchival links and images.

Science

• Link and General Resource Pages
  • Science, Technology and Culture Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links galore.
  • Athena: Texts Related to Science (Pierre Perroud) -- Links to online works.
  • WWW Virtual Library: Science
  • WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Technology and Medicine
  • Yahoo Science Page
  • Science (Malespina Great Books) -- Internet resources for an extensive list of scientists.
• Archives and Content Sites
  • History of Science Sourcebook (Paul Halsall) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links.
  • Science Overview (Victorian Web)
  • Classical Chemistry Pages (Carmen Giunta) -- Includes online historical texts.
  • Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th Centuries
  • Eric's Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography
  • Athena Science
  • History of Science, Technology and Medicine
  • Nobel Foundation
  • Nobel Prize Internet Archive
  • Museum of the History of Science
  • Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
  • Anthropology Biography Web (msus) -- A collection of related biographies.
  • Eric Berger: The Birthplace of the Web, 1991 (ChemTeam)
• WWW Science Resources by Period
  • Greek (from Culture 4.0 Greek Science Essay)
    • Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua (Lee T. Pearcy) -- A collection of resources relating to Greek and Roman medicine. Includes a nice set of links to other sites.
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Greco-Roman Culture (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Science in Antiquity (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for ancient scientists with listings of various resources.
  • Roman (from Culture 4.0 Roman Science Essay)
    • Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua (Lee T. Pearcy) -- A collection of resources relating to Greek and Roman medicine. Includes a nice set of links to other sites.
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Roman Science, Technology, Engineering and Medicine (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Ancient Roman Technology (Prof. George W. Houston) -- An impressive archive; includes links.
    • Greco-Roman Culture (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Science in Antiquity (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for ancient scientists with listings of various resources.
  • Medieval (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Science Essay)
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Byzantium (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall; see also Islam and Latin Christendom from the same site.
    • Medieval Science and Technology (NetSERF) -- A nice collection of links.
    • Medieval Technology Pages (Paul J. Gans) -- A nice collection of resources.
    • Medieval Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for medieval scientists with listings of various resources.
  • Renaissance (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Science Essay)
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Scientific Revolution (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution, 1543-1687 (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Renaissance Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Renaissance scientists with listings of various resources.
    • The Galileo Project (Rice) -- "The Galileo Project is a hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time." An impressive archive.
  • Baroque (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Science Essay)
    • Scientific Revolution (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • The Enlightenment (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- From the same site.
    • The Galileo Project (Rice) -- "The Galileo Project is a hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time." An impressive archive.
    • The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution, 1543-1687 (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Baroque Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Baroque scientists with listings of various resources.
  • Classic (from Culture 4.0 Classic Science Essay)
    • The Enlightenment (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Classical Science (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- "The 'Scientific Revolution' - understood as the time when a 'paradigm shift' took place, ended with Newton's achievements. From the late 17th century until the late 19th century that vision of the cosmos was developed and filled in by what we now call 'classical science'. From the same site (quote from Paul Halsall).
    • 18th-Century Science & Mathematics Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classic Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.
  • Romantic (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Science Essay)
    • Classical Science (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- "The 'Scientific Revolution' -- understood as the time when a 'paradigm shift' took place, ended with Newton's achievements. From the late 17th century until the late 19th century that vision of the cosmos was developed and filled in by what we now call 'classical science' (quote from Paul Halsall). An excellent collection of source materials and links. Also see the follwoing from the same site:
      • The Industrial Revolution
      • Late 19th Century Science and Culture
      • New Science: Darwin, Freud, Einstein
    • Science, Technology and Culture Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links galore.
    • WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Technology and Medicine -- And more links.
    • Science Overview (Victorian Web) -- A collection of inter-archival links.
    • Romantic Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.
  • 20th Century (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Science Essay)
    • New Science: Darwin, Freud, Einstein (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An excellent collection of source materials and links. Also see the follwoing from the same site:
      • Science, Technology and the Transformation in the Means of Production
      • Moral Issues and Modern Science
    • Science, Technology and Culture Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links galore.
    • WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Technology and Medicine -- And more links.
    • 20th-Century Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.

Biblical WWW Resources

• (Biblical & Ancient Civilization Historical Maps)
• General -- Ancient Civiliation
  • The Ancient World Web (Julia Hayden) -- An excellent collection (800+) of annotated links.
  • Internet Ancient History Sourcebook (Paul Halsall) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by this distinguished web scholar.
  • Antiquity (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• General -- Biblical
  • Internet Resources for Biblical Studies (Diotima) -- Links.
  • Educational Resources (Church of the Brethren Network) -- Links.
  • Bible and Christianity (Mitsuharu Matsuoka) -- A huge collection of annotated links by this prolific web scholar.
  • The World-Wide Study Bible -- Includes an impressive collection of links to related resources and a variety of translations for each book of the Hebrew Scriptures, the Christian Scriptures and the Apocrypha.
  • Bible Gateway (Gospel Communications Network) -- A Bible search site with multiple versions in many languages.
  • Study of Judaism and Christianity (upenn) -- An excellent collection of biblical links.
  • New Advent Catholic Website -- Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia and additional resources.
  • Christus Rex (Michael Olteanu) -- An impressive archive of images and other resources including the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican Museums and more.
• Old Testament and Judaism
  • Internet Jewish History Sourcebook (Paul Halsall) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by this distinguished web scholar.
  • Facts About Israel (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs) -- A collection of pages and images about the history and culture of the nation.
  • Tour Of Jewish And World History (Jewish America) -- "A Bold Presentation Of Jewish And World History And Of Judaism As Portrayed By Traditional / Kabalistic Jewish Sources." An interesting collection of overviews.
  • Timeline for the History of Judaism
• New Testament and Early Christianity
  • Ecole Initiative -- A remarkable early church history archive containing links to a wide variety of documents, images and other online resources. Anthony F. Beavers, University of Evansville, Founder, and Karen Ræ Keck & Norman Hugh Redington, St. Pachomius Library, General Editors.
  • Resource Pages for Biblical Studies (Torrey Seland) -- A nice collection of annotated links on Early Christianity.
  • The Christian Classics Ethereal Library -- An archive of related online source materials.
  • Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Cricticism (Rich Elliott/Robert B. Waltz) -- "The Encyclopedia attempts to cover all aspects of New Testament Textual Criticism in an orderly and fair fashion."
  • The Development of the Canon of the New Testament (Glenn Davis) -- "This survey covers a small part of the huge body of New Testament studies --- how the Church selected certain writings as authoritative and separated them from a larger body of early Christian literature." Well done.

General Greek (1260-264 B.C.) WWW Resources

• The Perseus Project (tufts) -- Perhaps the definitive Greek web archive; includes Latin/Roman resources as well as others which extend beyond the classical world.
• Greece (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• Hellenistic World (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- Ditto.
• Electronic Resources for Classicists -- An index of links to related archives and resources.
• Creative Impulse: Greece (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of Greek culture.
• Ancient Greece (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• Antiquity (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• Greece (miningco) -- A nice collection of annotated links.
• Ships of the Ancient Greeks (Medea) -- A nice collection of links to related resources.
• The Ancient Greek World (UPenn) -- Annotated images from Greek pottery with a focus on different facets of daily life.
• Greek Costume Through the Centuries (Anna Mavromatis) -- Images and text.
• Ancient Graeco-Roman Pictures (earthstation1) -- A collection of images.
• Greece (Hellenic)
  • Ancient Greek  Sites on the Web (Medea) -- A collection of links by category (Authors & Text, Art & Images, Resources & Topics, Maps & Geography).
• Greece (Hellenistic)
  • Hellenistic Greece on the Net (Paul Halsall) -- A collection of links to related sites.
• (Greek Historical Maps)
• Greek WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Greek Art Essay)
    • Greek Art and Archeology (Perseus) -- An excellent archive.
    • 19th-Century Photography of Ancient Greece (Getty Research Institute) -- An interesting archive of images.
    • Greek Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Art and Architecture of the Aegean (UCCS) -- Another extensive archive of images.
    • The Ancient City of Athens (Indiana) -- "A photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens (Greece)." Well done.
    • Maecenas: Images of Greece and Rome (Buffalo) -- This archive has an emphasis on Rome.
    • Introduction to Roman Archeology (bowdoin) -- An extensive archive of images compiled by Prof. James Higginbotham.
    • Major Temples and Sanctuaries in the Greek Homeland (uoregon) -- Historical map.
    • Greek Vase Painters (Perseus) -- A collection of essays.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Greek Art Essay)
    • Greek Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Greece and Hellenistic (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- Impressive collections of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
    • Hellenistic Greek Culture (Paul Halsall) -- A collection of links to related sites.
    • Internet Classics Archives (Daniel C. Stevenson, MIT) -- An extensive archive of Greek and Latin literature.
    • Ancient Theater (Malaspina Great Books) -- A list of select Greek and Roman playwrights with links to further resources.
    • Classical Drama Sites (Medea) -- A select list of links.
  • Religion/Philosophy (from Culture 4.0 Greek Art Essay)
    • Greek Religion, Mythology and Philosophy (Nancy B. Mantz) -- An extensive collection of links.
    • Summary of Apollodorus' Library (Perseus) -- An overview of Greek mythology with links to online text from Apollodorus, Herodotus, and Pausanias.
    • Classical Myth: The Ancient Sources (University of Victoria) -- Another good website devoted to Greek mythology.
    • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology -- As advertised.
    • Bullfinch's Mythology (Bob Fisher) -- Online text (in HTML with links) of the first volume which includes Greek mythology.
    • Internet Enclopedia of Philosophy -- Includes numerous articles and online documents (see Greek Philosophy).
    • History of Ancient Philosophy (UWashington) -- Online seminar by Marc Cohen.
    • Greek Thought: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Ancient Greek Philosophy (Rice) -- Online seminar.
    • Study Guide: Philosophical Background of the Fifth Century B.C. (Brooklyn College) -- Background info and questions for review and comprehension.
    • Study Guide: Philosophical Background of the Hellenistic Age (Brooklyn College) -- Background info and questions for review and comprehension.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Greek Art Essay)
    • Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua (Lee T. Pearcy) -- A collection of resources relating to Greek and Roman medicine. Includes a nice set of links to other sites.
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Greco-Roman Culture (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Science in Antiquity (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for ancient scientists with listings of various resources.

General Roman (753 B.C.-400 A.D.) WWW Resources

• Rome: Republic and Empire (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• LacusCurtius: into the Roman World (ukansas) -- Includes a gazeteer (photo/image archive), atlas, overview of related websites (see below) and other features. Very well done by Bill Thayer.
  • RomanSites (LacusCurtius) -- An impressive and heavily annotated collection of links.
• Forum Romanum (ThinkQuest) -- An impressive archive that goes beyond Roman architecture into many facets of Roman life; very well done.
• Rome Project (Neil Goldberg, Dalton School) -- "Anyone interested in Classical Rome will find this site to be a valuable research tool. As the site is very large, the resources are divided into several categories." Nicely done.
• De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors (Richard D. Weigel) -- "DIR is an on-line encyclopedia on the rulers of the Roman empire from Augustus (27 BC-AD 14) to Constantine XI Palaeologus (1449-1453). The encyclopedia consists of (1) an index of all the emperors who ruled during the empire's 1500 years, (2) a growing number of biographical essays on the individual emperors, (3) family trees ("stemmata") of important imperial dynasties, (4) an index of significant battles in the empire's history, (5) a growing number of capsule descriptions and maps of these battles, and (6) maps of the empire at different times. Wherever possible, these materials are cross-referenced by live links."
• Forum Romanum (David Camden) -- An impressive collection of Roman resources compiled by David Camden; nicely done.
• Creative Impulse: Rome (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of Roman culture.
• Ancient Rome (WWW-VL) -- An extensive collection of links.
• Rome (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• Early Christianity (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• Monuments and Museums of Rome (Roma2000) -- Images and brief overviews of the major sites.
• Rome: City of Empire (Brooklyn College) -- An online seminar consisting of a series of overviews (including comprehensive questions) about different facets of Roman life and culture.
• Caen Model of Rome -- A reconstruction of the ancient city of Rome (on a 1:400 scale). This site includes detailed photos of select sites and architectural works. (click "Tour"). Well done.
• Latin Library (Ad Fontes Academy) -- An impressive collection of Latin texts.
• Ancient Graeco-Roman Pictures (earthstation1) -- A collection of images.
• Antiquity (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• (Roman Historical Maps)
• Roman (753 B.C.-400 A.D.) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Roman Art Essay)
    • Forum Romanum (ThinkQuest) -- An impressive archive that goes beyond Roman architecture into many facets of Roman life; very well done.
    • Index of Roman Images (EAWC) -- A lengthy collection of links to related images on the web.
    • Roman Art and Architecture Images (UCCS) -- Another extensive archive of images.
    • Maecenas: Images of Greece and Rome (Buffalo) -- This archive has an emphasis on Rome.
    • Roman Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Roman Art and Architecture (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Roman Archeology Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Roman Literature Essay)
    • Roman Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Internet Classics Archives (Daniel C. Stevenson, MIT) -- An extensive archive of Greek and Latin literature.
    • Latin Literature (Forum Romanum) -- An extensive list of Roman and early medieval authors with links to related resources and online texts.
    • Roman Literary Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
    • Roman Drama Resources (Dalton School) -- And another.
    • Latin Library (Ad Fontes Academy) -- An impressive collection of Latin texts.
    • Rome (Internet Ancient History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
    • Ancient Theater (Malaspina Great Books) -- A list of select Greek and Roman playwrights with links to further resources.
  • Religion/Philosophy (from Culture 4.0 Roman Religion/Philosophy Essay)
    • Roman Religion, Mythology and Philosophy (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Roman Astrology, Magic, Religion & Philosophy (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Roman Philosophical Resources (Dalton School) -- A nice set of links.
    • Roman Religion Resources (Dalton School) -- And another.
    • Roman Religion (Forum Romanum) -- Overview with interarchival links and images.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Roman Science Essay)
    • Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua (Lee T. Pearcy) -- A collection of resources relating to Greek and Roman medicine. Includes a nice set of links to other sites.
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Roman Science, Technology, Engineering and Medicine (Bill Thayer) -- A collection of annotated links.
    • Ancient Roman Technology (Prof. George W. Houston) -- An impressive archive; includes links.
    • Greco-Roman Culture (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Science in Antiquity (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for ancient scientists with listings of various resources.

General Medieval (400-1400) WWW Resources

• Medieval (400-1400)
  • Internet Medieval Sourcebook -- An archive of source materials compiled by Paul Halsall; very well done.
  • Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies (ORB) -- "The Online Resource Book for Medieval Studies (ORB) is a cooperative effort on the part of scholars across the internet to establish an online textbook source for medieval studies on the World-Wide Web."
  • Labyrinth (Georgetown University) -- "The Labyrinth provides free, organized access to electronic resources in medieval studies through a World Wide Web server at Georgetown University. The Labyrinth's easy-to-use menus and links provide connections to databases, services, texts, and images on other servers around the world."
  • The Medieval World View (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
  • Essays in Medieval Studies (Illinois Medieval Association) -- A collection of detailed essays on various aspects of medieval culture.
  • Argos (Anthony F. Beavers and Hiten Sonpal) -- Argos is the first peer-reviewed, limited area search engine (LASE) on the World-Wide Web. It has been designed to cover the ancient and medieval worlds. Quality is controlled by a system of hyperlinked internet indices which are managed by qualified professionals who serve as the Associate Editors of the project."
  • Medieval Art and Architecture (Alison Stones, U. of Pittsburgh) -- An excellent archive of images, maps and other resources.
  • Medieval (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
  • Creative Impulse: Medieval (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of medieval culture.
  • Aids for studying saints' cults and the Middle Ages (Dr. Graham Jones) -- An extensive collection of links.
  • Medieval Europe (WWW-VL) -- An extensive collection of links.
  • European Middle Ages (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
  • World Wide Web Virtual Library/Medieval -- Another compilation of related links.
  • Middle Ages History (ukans) -- A detailed bibliographical database.
  • Medieval Life (PastForward) -- An online periodical.
  • (Medieval Historical Maps)
  • Medieval (400-1400) WWW Resources by Discipline
    • Art (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Art Essay)
      • Medieval Art and Architecture (Alison Stone) -- An impressive archive of images.
      • Medieval Art (NetSERF) -- A nice collection of links.
      • Medieval Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- And another.
      • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
      • Medieval Art (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major medieval artists.
    • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Literature Essay)
      • Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Literature Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
      • Medieval Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
      • Medieval Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
    • Music (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Music Essay)
      • Medieval Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
      • The Gregorian Chant Home Page (Peter Jeffery) -- An excellent site.
      • Medieval Music (stevenestrella) -- Overview and links.
      • Medieval Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
      • Early and Traditional Music (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
      • Medieval Music (NetSERF) -- Select links.
      • Medieval Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major medieval composers.
    • Science (from Culture 4.0 Medieval Science Essay)
      • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
      • Byzantium (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall; see also Islam and Latin Christendom from the same site.
      • Medieval Science and Technology (NetSERF) -- A nice collection of links.
      • Medieval Technology Pages (Paul J. Gans) -- A nice collection of resources.
      • Medieval Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for medieval scientists with listings of various resources.
• Post Roman (400-600)
  • (Post-Roman Historical Maps)
  • Roman Military Sites in Britain (Peter Green) -- An excellent overview of the Roman presence in Britain. Includes maps, photos, articles and links.
• Celtic & Gregorian (600-800)
  • (Celtic Historical Maps)
  • Roman Church (Medieval Sourcebook)
  • Celtic World (Medieval Sourcebook)
  • Early Germans (Medieval Sourcebook)
• Carolingian & Ottonian (800-1000)
  • (Carolingian Historical Maps)
  • Carolingians and After (Medieval Sourcebook)
  • 10th Century Collapse (Medieval Sourcebook)
• Romanesque & Norman (1000-1150)
  • (Romanesque Historical Maps)
• Early Gothic -- Ars Antiqua (1150-1300)
  • (Early Gothic Historical Maps)
• Late Gothic -- Ars Nova (1300-1400)
  • (Late Gothic Historical Maps)

General Renaissance (1400-1600) WWW Resources

• Early Modern Europe (Modern History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• Renaissance (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• Creative Impulse: Renaissance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of Renaissance culture.
• Creative Impulse: Exploration...The Americas (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A related site.
• Italian Renaissance (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• European Reformation (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• Virtual Renaissance: A Journey through Time -- Chronologies, maps, links and more.
• Renaissance Humanities Links (Yahoo)
• (Renaissance Historical Maps)
• Renaissance (1400-1600) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Art Essay)
    • Artcyclopedia References (overviews with numerous links to related artists)
      • Early Renaissance
      • High Renaissance
    • Renaissance Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance and Baroque Architecture (C. W. Westfall) -- Image archive.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Renaissance Art (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Renaissance artists.
    • 15th-Century Artists (Jim's Fine Art Collection) -- Links to hundreds of images within this online gallery.
    • 16th-Century Artists (Jim's Fine Art Collection) -- Ditto.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Literature Essay)
    • English Renaissance and 17th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
    • Sixteenth Century English Renaissance Literature (Luminarium) -- An excellent site!
    • Renaissance Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
    • Renascence Editions (uoregon) -- "An Online Repository of Works Printed in English Between the Years 1477 and 1799."
  • Music (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Music Essay)
    • Renaissance Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Renaissance Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Music and Dance of the Renaissance (Center for Fawkesian Pursuits) -- Resources and links.
    • Renaissance Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Renaissance composers.
    • Renaissance Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Early and Traditional Music (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Renaissance Consort (Yasuhiko Higaki) -- An overview of early instruments.
    • Renaissance Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Renaissance Science Essay)
    • Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius (Virginia) -- An online exhibit; includes many articles and images.
    • Scientific Revolution (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution, 1543-1687 (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Renaissance Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Renaissance scientists with listings of various resources.
    • The Galileo Project (Rice) -- "The Galileo Project is a hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time." An impressive archive.

General Baroque (1600-1750) WWW Resources

• Early Modern Europe (Modern History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• The Baroque Ring -- A collection of websites dealing with Baroque music, art, literature or history.
• Baroque (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• Creative Impulse: The Baroque (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of Baroque culture.
• European Enlightenment (Richard Hooker, WSU) -- Annotated links.
• Creative Impulse: Enlightenment (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of the Enlightenment.
• 18th-Century Resources (Jack Lynch) -- A nice collection of links.
• (Baroque Historical Maps)
• Baroque (1600-1750) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Art Essay)
    • Baroque Art (Artcyclopedia) -- An overview and numerous links to related artists.
    • Baroque Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque 1600-1790 (WebMuseum) -- Links to artist profiles and images plus a general overview of Baroque art.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Baroque (ITESM) -- Course outline with images.
    • 17th-Century Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • 18th-Century Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Baroque Architecture (C.W.Westfall, Virginia) -- An excellent collection of images.
    • Baroque Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Baroque artists.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Literature Essay)
    • English Renaissance and 17th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A healthy list of links.
    • Resoration and 18th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A related page.
    • Enlightenment Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Music (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Music Essay)
    • Baroque Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Baroque Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Baroque Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Baroque Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Baroque composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Baroque composers.
    • 18th-Century Music Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Journal of Seventeenth Century Music -- The Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music (JSCM) is published by the Society for Seventeenth-Century Music to provide a refereed forum for scholarly studies of the musical cultures of the seventeenth century. These include historical and archival studies, performance practice, music theory, aesthetics, dance and theater. The JSCM also publishes critical reviews and summary listings of recently published books, scores, recordings, and electronic media.
    • Baroque Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Baroque Science Essay)
    • Scientific Revolution (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • The Enlightenment (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- From the same site.
    • The Galileo Project (Rice) -- "The Galileo Project is a hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time." An impressive archive.
    • The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution, 1543-1687 (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
    • Baroque Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Baroque scientists with listings of various resources.

General Classic (1750-1803) WWW Resources

• Three Revolutions (Modern History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• Classical (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• Creative Impulse: Enlightenment (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of the Enlightenment.
• Creative Impulse: Revolutions (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to related resources.
• 18th-Century Resources (Jack Lynch) -- A nice collection of links.
• (Classic Historical Maps)
• Classic (1750-1803) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Classic Art Essay)
    • Artcyclopedia References
      • Neoclassicism
      • Academic Art
    • Enlightenment Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • Revolution and Restoration 1600-1790 (WebMuseum) -- An overview of European art (1740-1860)
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is a superb online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • 18th-Century Art & Architecture Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • 18th-Century Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Classic Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Classic-era artists.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Classic Literature Essay)
    • Resoration and 18th Century Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links.
    • Enlightenment: Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • 18th-Century Literature Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classic Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Music (from Culture 4.0 Classic Music Essay)
    • Enlightenment-Era Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Classic Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Classical Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • 18th-Century Music Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Classic-era composers.
    • Classic Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Classic composers.
    • Classic Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Classic Science Essay)
    • The Enlightenment (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
    • Classical Science (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- "The 'Scientific Revolution' - understood as the time when a 'paradigm shift' took place, ended with Newton's achievements. From the late 17th century until the late 19th century that vision of the cosmos was developed and filled in by what we now call 'classical science'. From the same site (quote from Paul Halsall).
    • 18th-Century Science & Mathematics Resources (Jack Lynch) -- Links.
    • Classic Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.

General Romantic (1803-1912) WWW Resources

• The Long 19th Century (Internet Modern History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• Victorian Web (George P. Landow) -- A comprehensive overview of Victorian life; well done.
• Creative Impulse: Age of Industry (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of the industrial age.
• Romantic Circles (umd) -- A website devoted to the scholarly study of Byron, M.W. Shelley, P.B. Shelley, Keats and "their contemporaries and historical studies"; includes links.
• Romantic (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• (Romantic Historical Maps)
• Romantic (1803-1912) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Art Essay)
    • Romanticism (Artcyclopedia) -- An overview and numerous links to related artists.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is one of the best online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • Age of Industry Art (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources.
    • 19th Century Art (Chris Whitcombe) -- An excellent collection of links.
    • Romanticism (WebMuseum) -- Overview with select links.
    • 19th-Century Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Romantic Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic artists.
  • Literature (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Literature Essay)
    • Industry Age: Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Numerous links to resources.
    • Romantic Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links (see also Victorian).
    • The Romantic (Western Canon) -- Links to resources for select writers.
    • Romantic Authors (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Music (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Music Essay)
    • Nationalism and Music (Modern History Sourcebook) -- "A multimedia exploration of themes in the developmental stages of nationalism."
    • Age of Industry: Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Romantic Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Romantic Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of Romantic composers.
    • Romantic Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic composers.
    • Romantic Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 Romantic Science Essay)
    • Classical Science (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- "The 'Scientific Revolution' -- understood as the time when a 'paradigm shift' took place, ended with Newton's achievements. From the late 17th century until the late 19th century that vision of the cosmos was developed and filled in by what we now call 'classical science' (quote from Paul Halsall). An excellent collection of source materials and links. Also see the follwoing from the same site:
      • The Industrial Revolution
      • Late 19th Century Science and Culture
      • New Science: Darwin, Freud, Einstein
    • Science, Technology and Culture Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links galore.
    • WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Technology and Medicine -- And more links.
    • Science Overview (Victorian Web) -- A collection of inter-archival links.
    • Romantic Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.

General 20th-Century (1912+) WWW Resources

• War, Conflict and Progress: The Emerging World (Internet Modern History Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of related source materials and links assembled by Paul Halsall.
• Creative Impulse: Modern (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of the early 20th century (1900-1945).
• Creative Impulse: Recent (Nancy B. Mantz) -- A collection of links to sites relating to different aspects of the later 20th century.
• Lectures on 20th Century Europe (Steven Kreis) -- An interesting collection of essays with numerous links to other sites.
• EarthStation1 -- "The Internet's #1 Sound & Picture Archive Wavs, Sounds, Pictures & Video of the Media Age." As advertised; very impressive.
• History and Politics Out Loud (Jerry Goldman & Northwestern) -- "History and Politics Out Loud is a searchable archive of politically significant audio materials for scholars, teachers and students."
• CNN Video Almanac -- Several hundred video clips with brief text overviews of key events of the 1980s and 1990s.
• Great Speeches of the 20th Century (Elycia's Real Audio/Chicago Law Network) -- Requires RealAudio player.
• Modern (Malespina Great Books) -- An index for internet resources for an extensive group of cultural figures.
• Rulers -- "This site contains lists of heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders who don't occupy either of those formal positions) of all countries and territories, usually going back to at least 1900." A comprehensive listing.
• (20th-Century Historical Maps)
• 20th-Century (1912+) WWW Resources by Discipline
  • Art (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Art Essay)
    • Modern Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources (1900-1945).
    • Recent Art and Architecture (Nancy B. Mautz) -- Links to resources (1945+).
    • The Early Twentieth Century (Chris Whitcombe) -- A nice collection of links.
    • The Later Twentieth Century (Chris Whitcombe) -- Ditto.
    • Nationality-Time Frame Index (CGFA) -- Scroll down to the appropriate links; Carol Gertens' Fine Art is perhaps the best online image gallery and has works for hundreds of artists.
    • 20th-Century Artists (Jim's Fine Art Collection) -- Links to hundreds of images within this online gallery.
    • Modern through Pop Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Contemporary Art and Art History (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Select links.
    • Modern Art (Malaspina) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic artists.
  • Literature (from Culture 20th-Century Literature Essay)
    • Modern English Literature Resources (Voice of the Shuttle) -- A lengthy list of links.
    • Modern Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources (1900-1945).
    • Recent Literature and Drama (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources (1945+).
    • Modern Books (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to pages with links for major writers of the period.
  • Music (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Music Essay)
    • 20th Century Composers (Ben Arnold) -- An excellent archive; also see the Chronolgy at the same site.
    • Modern [1900-1945] Music and Dance (Nancy B. Mantz) -- Links to resources.
    • Early 20th-Century Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • Late 20th-Century Music (stevenestrella) -- Profiles and links.
    • 20th-Century Music and Dance (Voice of the Shuttle) -- More links.
    • 20th-Century Music (ClassicalNet) -- Links to pages for major composers.
    • Classical MIDI Files (MidiWorld) -- Includes MIDI files for a number of modern composers.
    • Modern Composers (Malaspina Great Books) -- A collection of links to related resources and images for major Romantic composers.
    • Modern Music (Matt Boynick) -- Brief overview and links to pages for select composers.
  • Science (from Culture 4.0 20th-Century Science Essay)
    • New Science: Darwin, Freud, Einstein (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An excellent collection of source materials and links. Also see the follwoing from the same site:
      • Science, Technology and the Transformation in the Means of Production
      • Moral Issues and Modern Science
    • Science, Technology and Culture Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Links galore.
    • WWW Virtual Library: History of Science, Technology and Medicine -- And more links.
    • 20th-Century Science (Malaspina) -- Links to pages for Classic scientists with listings of various resources.

Internet Technical Information and Software Downloading Sites

• General Sites
  • Net Tools Page (Voice of the Shuttle) -- Annotated links to a wide variety of resources.
  • Audio / Video Applications For Compressed Media Formats (earthstation1) -- Annotated links.
  • Virtual Computer Library (Christine M. Henke) -- Another large collection of links.
  • Computing (The Virtual Library) -- And another link site.
• Specific Downloading Sites
  • Adobe Acrobat Reader -- For reading PDF files.
  • Apple QuickTime -- For viewing video files.
  • Shockwave and Flash Player (MacroMedia) -- Browser plug-ins for animated files.
  • RealPlayer (RealAudio) -- For sound/video files.

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