
Culture® 4.0
The Contextual Guide and Internet Index to Western Civilization

Baroque (1600-1750) Science Grids

(Baroque Science Essay)
(General Baroque Science WWW Resources)

DOCUMENT OUTLINE
Early Baroque (1600-1630)
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria -- Italy -- Spanish Netherlands -- Other
Middle Baroque (1630-1670)
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria -- Italy -- Dutch Republic -- Other
Mature Baroque (1670-1710)
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria -- Italy -- Other
Late Baroque (1710-1750)
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)
Britain -- France -- Germany/Austria -- Italy -- Other

(WWW links from Baroque Science Essay profiles shown for Early Baroque scientists)

Early Baroque (1600-1630) Science

Britain (1600-1630)

William Harvey 1578-1657
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Harvey profile)
  - William Harvey (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Biography of William Harvey (Biotech)
  - Biography of William Harvey (Texas Tech)
  - William Harvey (Eric W. Weisstein) -- Image and biography.
  - Harvey (Great Books) -- Links to online works.
  - Harvey: On The Motion of The Heart And Blood In Animals (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  - Harvey: On the Motion of the Heart (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text (excerpts).
  - Harvey (utmb) -- Image.
  - Harvey (utexas) -- Portrait (source).
  - William Harvey (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Sir Francis Bacon 1561-1626
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Bacon profile)
  Bacon Page -- Luminarium (Anniina Jokinen) -- Contains links to quotes, biographies, online works, articles and other resources. The Luminarium is a web treasure.
  - Bacon (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  Bacon (Great Books) -- Links to online works.
  Bacon (Bjorn's Guide to Philosophy)
  The New Atlantis (Online Book Initiative) -- Online text (also available at ArtBin and MHSB).
  Bacon: First Book of Aphorisms (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  Ben Jonson: On Lord Francis Bacon (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  Voltaire: On Lord Francis Bacon (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  - Francis Bacon (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
John Napier 1550-1617
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Napier profile)
  - John Napier (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  John Napier and Napier's Bones (maxmon) -- Images and overview.
  Napier's Bones (Computer Museum of America) -- Image and brief overview.
Henry Briggs 1561-1630
- British mathematician.
- WWW: Henry Briggs (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Thomas Harriot 1560-1621
- British astronomer and mathematician.
- WWW: Thomas Harriot (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1600-1630)

Albert Girard 1595-1632
- French mathematician.
Marin Mersenne 1588-1648
- French mathematician, philosopher and theologian.
- WWW: Marin Mersenne (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1600-1630)

Johannes Kepler 1571-1630
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Kepler profile)
  - Kepler (MacTutor) -- Image, profile and links.
  - Kepler (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Biography of Kepler (IMSS)
  - Kepler (Great Books) -- Links to online works.
  - Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion (Hawaii) -- An overview with explanatory diagrams.
  - Johannes Kepler and Modern Planetery Mechanics (Josh Bazuin) -- Lengthy overview.
  - Kepler (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
  - Kepler (utexas) -- Portrait (source).
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Italy (1600-1630)

Galileo Galilei 1564-1642
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Galileo profile)
  - The Galileo Project (Rice) -- A "hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time" -- well done.
  - Galileo and Perspective (The Art of Renaissance Perspective) -- This is extraordinary.
  - Galileo (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Galileo Pages (IMSS) -- A variety of related resources from the Institute and Museum of the History of Science at Florence.
  - Biography of Galileo (History of Math Archives)
  - Galileo (Web Gallery of Art) -- Painting by Justus Sustermans
  - The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective (Joseph W. Dauben) -- A collection of essays and images; nicely done.
  - Galileo: Letter to the Duchess Christina of Tuscany (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  - The Crime of Galileo: Indictment (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  - Galileo (Great Books) -- Links to online works and related resources.
  - Galileo (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Francesco Maria Grimaldi 1618-1663
- Italian physicist.
Sanctorius Sanctorius (Santorio Santorio) 1561-1636
- Italian physician.
- WWW: Santorio Santorio (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Spanish Netherlands (1600-1630)

Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel 1572-1633
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Drebbel profile)
  - Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Jan Baptista van Helmont 1579-1644
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay van Helmont profile)
  - Jan Baptista van Helmont (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Willebrord Snell (Snel van Roijen) 1591-1626
- Dutch mathematician and astronomer.
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Other (1600-1630)

SWITZERLAND
- Gaspard Bauhin 1560-1624
  - (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Bauhin profile)
    - Gaspard Bauhin (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Early Baroque CultureGrid)

Middle Baroque (1630-1670) Science

Britain (1630-1670)

Thomas Sydenham 1624-1689
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Sydenham profile)
  - Thomas Sydenham (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Thomas Sydenham (utmb) -- Portrait.
James Ussher 1581-1656
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Ussher profile)
  - James Ussher (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Ussher (star.arm) -- Image, brief overview and links.
  - Bishop Ussher Dates the World (Donald Simanek) -- E-text of The Annals of the World.
Isaac Barrow 1630-1677
- British mathematician and theologian.
- Mentor of Sir Isaac Newton.
- WWW: Isaac Barrow (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
John Graunt 1620-1674
- British haberdasher and statistician.
- the founder of demography (the statistical analysis of populations).
- WWW: John Graunt (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
John Mayow 1641-1679
- British chemist and physiologist.
- WWW: John Mayow (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Sir William Petty 1623-1687
- British political economist and statesman.
- He became a professor of anatomy and of music at Oxford.
- WWW: Sir William Petty (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Thomas Wharton 1614-1673
- British physician and anatomist.
Thomas Willis 1621-1675
- British physician and anatomist.
- Brilliant expositor of the brain and nervous system.
- WWW: Thomas Willis (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Francis Willughby 1635-1672
- British naturalist.
- Pupil and collaborator of John Ray.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1630-1670)

Rene Descartes 1596-1650
- (WWW links from Baroque Religion/Philosophy Essay Descartes profile)
  - Descartes (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Descartes (Great Books) -- Links to online works and resources.
  - Descartes (Akamac) -- Short profile and links to online works and other resources.
  - Descartes (Bjorn's Guide to Philosophy) -- Overview.
  - Biography of Descartes (History of Math Archives)
  - Discourse on the Method (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) -- Online text; also available at Adelaide and OLL.
  - Descartes' Meditations (WSU) -- Online text.
  - Descartes (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
  - Descartes (utexas) -- Portrait (source).
Jean-Baptiste Denis 1643-1704
Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac 1619-1655
- (WWW links from Baroque Literature grids for Cyrano)
  - Cyrano de Bergerac (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Cyrano de Bergerac (kensai) -- A variety of info including links.
  - Cyrano de Bergerac (Gutenberg) -- E-text (in English) of Rostand's play.
Blaise Pascal 1623-1662
- French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher.
- (see Pascal profile in Baroque Relion/Philosophy Essay)
Edme Mariotte 1620-1684
- French physicist and botanist.
- WWW: Edme Mariotte (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Girard Desargues 1591-1661
- French mathematician.
- WWW -- Girard Desargues
  - Girard Desargues (University of St. Andrews) -- Start here.
  - Girard Desargues (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Pierre de Fermat 1601-1665
- French mathematician.
- WWW -- Pierre de Fermat
  - Pierre de Fermat (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Pierre de Fermat (University of St. Andrews) -- Start here.
  - Fermat (D.R. Wilkins) -- Biographical article.
  - Fermat's Last Theorem (alopez) -- An article on the solution to this mystery.
  - The Mathematics of Fermat's Last Theorem (Charles Daney) -- And another article about it.
Pierre Gassendi 1592-1655
- French mathematician and philosopher.
- (see Gassendi profile in Baroque Relion/Philosophy Essay)
Jean Picard 1620-1682
- French astronomer.
- WWW: Jean Picard (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Giles Personne Roberval 1602-1675
- French mathematician.
- WWW: Giles Personne Roberval (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1630-1670)

Otto von Guericke 1602-1686
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Guericke profile)
  - Otto von Guericke (Galileo Project) -- Detailed profile.
  - Otto von Guericke (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Otto von Guericke (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Johann Glauber 1604-1668
- German chemist.
- WWW: Johann Glauber (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Italy (1630-1670)

Marcello Malpighi 1628-1694
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Malpighi profile)
  - Marcello Malpighi (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Marcello Malpighi (utexas) -- Overview.
  - Malpighi (utmb) -- Portrait.
Giovanni Borelli 1608-1679
- Italian physiologist and physicist.
- WWW: Giovanni Borelli (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Bonaventura Cavalieri 1598-1647
- Italian mathematician.
- WWW: Bonaventura Cavalieri (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Evangelista Torricelli 1608-1647
- Italian mathematician and physicist
- WWW: Evangelista Torricelli (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Dutch Republic (1630-1670)

Christiaan Huygens 1629-1695
- Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist.
- Propounded the wave theory of light.
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Huygens profile)
  - Huygens (Eric W. Weisstein) -- Image, overview and links.
  - Huygens (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Huygens (MacTutor) -- Image, overview and links.
  - Huygens (W. W Rouse Ball) -- Biography.
  - Huygens (Richard S. Westfall) -- Outline overview.
  - Huygens (Galileo Project) -- Image and short overview.
  - Huygens (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Reinier de Graaf 1641-1673
- Dutch anatomist.
- Discoverer of the ovarian, i.e., Graafian follicle.
- WWW: Reinier de Graaf (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Jan Swammerdam 1637-1680
- Dutch naturalist and microscopist.
- WWW: Jan Swammerdam (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Johan de Witt 1625-1672
- Dutch statesman, statistician and demographer.
- He and his brother, Cornelis, were, literally, pulled to pieces by a mob because of their presumed politics.
- WWW: Johan de Witt (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Other (1630-1670)

POLAND
- Johannes Hovels 1611-1687
  - Polish astronomer.
DENMARK
- Thomas Bartholin 1616-1680
  - (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Bartholin profile)
    - Thomas Bartholin (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
    - Thomas Bartholin (led) -- Portrait.
- Nicolaus Steno 1638-1686
  - Danish anatomist and geologist.
  - WWW: Nicolaus Steno (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Middle Baroque CultureGrid)

Mature Baroque (1670-1710) Science

Britain (1670-1710)

Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727 -- separate Baroque Essay
- (WWW links from Isaac Newton Essay)
- Newtonia (Andrew McNab) -- Start here. Includes links to seemingly everthing Newtonian.
- Sir Isaac Newton (Britannica) -- Article, images and links.
- Newton (Great Books) -- Links to online works and related resources.
- Optics(Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text (excerpts).
- Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text (excerpts); also available (full text with illustrations) at sympatico.ca or Tripod..
- Principia:Book Two, Lemma II (Trinity College Dublin) -- Online text.
- Voltaire: Letters on Newton (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
- Cambridge in the Time of Newton (History House) -- Retrospective (and somewhat irreverent) account.
- Sir Isaac Newton (CGFA) -- Painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller (mirror at UNC).
John Locke 1632-1704
- (WWW links from Baroque Religion/Philosophy Essay Locke profile)
  - Locke (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Locke (Akamac) -- Image, profile and an extensive collection of links to online works and other resources.
  - Locke (Bjorn's Guide to Philosophy) -- Overview page.
  - Locke (Great Books) -- Links to online works and related resources.
  - Locke (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) -- Biographical article.
  - Locke: Further Considerations Concerning Raising the Value of Money (Yale Avalon Project) -- Online text.
  - Locke: Letter Concerning Toleration (CMU) -- Online text.
  - Locke: Second Treatise on Government (Hanover) -- Online text.
  - Locke: Of Political or Civil Society (Liberty Online) -- Online text; an excerpt from Second Treatise.
  - Locke: Of the Beginning of Political Societies (Liberty Online) -- Online text; an excerpt from Second Treatise.
  - Locke Page (The Western Canon, Paul J. Barnette) -- This page is an index to online works by Locke.
  - Voltaire: On John Locke (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text; an excerpt from Lettres Philosophiques.
  - Locke (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Robert Boyle 1627-1691
- British chemist. "Boyle's Law."
- WWW -- Robert Boyle
  - Robert Boyle (MacTutor) -- Image, profile and links.
  - Robert Boyle (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Robert Boyle (Carment Giunta) -- Excerpt from The Sceptical Chymist (1661).
  - Boyle (woodrow) -- Biography.
  - Boyle (wvusd) -- Portrait.
  - Robert Boyle (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Edmond Halley 1656-1742
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Halley profile)
  - Edmond Halley (Richard S. Westfall) -- Detailed overview.
  - Edmond Halley (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Edmond Halley (CapeCanaveral) -- Two images and brief overview.
  - Sir Edmond Halley (nasa) -- Portrait and brief overview.
Sir Christopher Wren 1632-1723
- British architect (see Wren profile in Baroque Art Essay) and astronomer.
- Built Saint Paul's Cathedral and 52 other churches in London.
- Professor of astronomy at Oxford.
- One of the founders of the Royal Society.
Robert Hooke 1635-1703
- British astronomer, botanist and physicist.
- "Hooke's law" of elasticity.
- WWW -- Robert Hooke
  - Robert Hooke (berkeley) -- A good place to start.
  - Robert Hooke (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
John Flamsteed 1646-1719
- British astronomer.
- The first royal astronomer.
- WWW: John Flamsteed (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Nehemiah Grew 1641-1712
- British botanist and microscopist.
- WWW: Nehemiah Grew (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Francis Hauksbee (or Hawksbee) c.1666-1713
- British scientist and inventor.
- WWW: Francis Hauksbee (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
John Ray 1627-1705
- British naturalist, taxonomist and compiler of English Proverbs (1670).
  - "If wishes were horses, beggars might ride."
  - "Blood is thicker than water."
  - "Misery loves company."
  - "Money begets money."
- WWW -- John Ray
  - John Ray (berkeley) -- A good place to start.
  - John Ray (John McKeown) -- Another good Ray page.
  - John Ray (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
John Wallis 1616-1703
- British mathematician.
- WWW: John Wallis (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1670-1710)

Gian Domenico Cassini 1625-1712
- Italian-born French astronomer; first director of the Paris observatory.
- WWW: Gian Domenico Cassini (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Antoine de L'Hospital 1661-1704
- French mathematician.
Denis Papin 1647-1712
- French physicist.
- He invented the pressure cooker in 1679.
- WWW: Denis Papin (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Joseph Sauveur 1653-1716
- French physicist.
- He coined the term acoustics and clarified the origin of harmonics (overtones) in vibrating strings.
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1670-1710)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1646-1716
- (WWW links from Baroque Religion/Philosophy Essay Leibniz profile)
  - Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (Akamac) -- Image, profile and an extensive collection of links.
  - Leibniz (Bjorn's Guide to Philosophy) -- Biographical overview.
  - Leibnitz (Great Books) -- Links to online works and resources.
  - The Monadology -- Online text.
  - Leibniz (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Georg Ernst Stahl 1660-1734
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Stahl profile)
  - Georg Ernst Stahl (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Johann Becher 1635-1682
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Becher profile)
  - Johann Becher (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Johann Kunckel von Lowenstjern 1630-1703
- German chemist.
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Italy (1670-1710)

Giacomo Pylarini (early 18th century)
Bernardino Ramazzini 1633-1714
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Ramazzini profile)
  - Bernardino Ramazzini (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Lorenzo Bellini 1643-1704
- Italian anatomist.
- WWW: Lorenzo Bellini (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Giovanni Morgagni 1682-1771
- Italian physician and anatomist.
- WWW: Giovanni Morgagni (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Francesco Redi 1626-1697
- Italian physician and biologist.
- WWW: Francesco Redi (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Other (1670-1710)

NETHERLANDS
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
  - Dutch microscopist.
  - He was the first to observe and describe bacteria and one-celled animals (protozoa).
  - WWW -- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
    - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (berkeley) -- A good place to start.
    - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
DENMARK
- Olaus Roemer 1644-1710
  - Danish astronomer.
- WWW: Olaus Roemer (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
SWITZERLAND
- Jakob Bernoulli I 1654-1705
  - (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Bernoulli family profile)
    - The Bernoulli Homepage! (Christopher Graffeo) -- Images, overview with calculations and links.
    - Bernoulli Family Tree (MacTutor) -- Diagram.
    - Jacob Bernoulli (MacTutor) -- Image, lengthy overview and links.
    - Britannica references:
    - Jacob Bernoulli (Galileo Project) -- Detailed outlined overview.
    - Johann Bernoulli (MacTutor) -- Image, lengthy overview and links.
    - Johann Bernoulli (Paul Golba) -- An overview.
    - Daniel Bernoulli (Eric W. Weisstein) -- Overview, image and links.
    - Daniel Bernoulli (MacTutor) -- Overview, image and links.
    - Nicolaus (II) Bernoulli (MacTutor) -- Overview, image and links.
    - Johann (II) Bernoulli (MacTutor) -- Overview and links.
    - Bernoulli's Principal (evergreen) -- A demonstration.
(Mature Baroque CultureGrid)

Late Baroque (1710-1750) Science

Britain (1710-1750)

Bishop George Berkeley 1685-1753
- (WWW links from Baroque Religion/Philosophy Essay Berkeley profile)
  - Berkeley (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  Berkeley Page (Akamac E-texts) -- Brief overview but extensive set of links to online works and other resources.
  Leibniz on the Problem of Evil (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) -- Article.
  Berkeley (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) -- Biographical article.
  Berkeley (Great Books) -- Links to online works and resources.
  Berkeley Page: The Western Canon (Paul J. Barnette) -- Lists links to online works and another Berkeley website.
  Berkeley's Principles of Human Knowledge -- Classics of Philosophy (RBJ) -- Online text.
  Berkeley's Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (James Fieser) -- Online text.
  - Berkeley (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
David Hume 1711-1776
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Hume profile)
  The Hume Archives -- Probably the best place to start.
  - Hume (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  Hume (Akamac) -- Image, short profile and a long list of links.
  Hume (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) -- Biographical article.
  Hume (Great Books) -- Links to online works and related resources.
  On Human Understanding (Online Book Initiative) -- Online text.
  Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  Of the Standard of Taste (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (CMU) -- Online text.
  Essays on Suicide and Immortality (CMU) -- Online text.
  Hume (Malaspina Great Books) -- Links to bibliographies and other web resources.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu 1689-1762
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Montagu profile)
  - Selected Prose and Poetry of Lady Montagu (University of Oregon) -- Includes an introductory profile and numerous online works; start here.
  - Selected Poetry of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (University of Toronto) -- Online text.
  - Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Lady Montagu: Smallpox Vaccination in Turkey (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
  - Lady Montagu: Dining With The Sultana (Modern History Sourcebook) -- Online text.
Stephen Hales 1677-1761
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Hales profile)
  - Stephen Hales (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
David Hartley 1705-1757
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Hartley profile)
  - David Hartley (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Jethro Tull 1674-1741
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Tull profile)
  - Jethro Tull (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
James Bradley 1693-1762
- British astronomer.
- WWW: James Bradley (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Stephen Gray 1666- 1736
- British chemist.
George Hadley 1685-1768
- British physicist and meteorologist.
- WWW: George Hadley (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Colin Maclaurin 1698-1746
- Scottish mathematician
- WWW: Colin Maclaurin (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Thomas Newcomen 1663-1729
- British inventor.
- In 1712 he invented the first practical steam engine.
- WWW: Thomas Newcomen (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Brook Taylor 1685-1731
- British mathematician.
- WWW: Brook Taylor (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)

France (1710-1750)

Bernard Forest de Belidor 1698-1761
- Spanish-French engineer.
- WWW: Bernard Forest de Belidor (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Jacques Cassini 1677-1756
- French astronomer.
- Son of Gian Domenico Cassini.
- WWW: Jacques Cassini (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Alexis-Claude Clairaut 1713-1765
- French mathematician.
- In 1743 he showed that the earth was flattened at the poles.
Pierre Fauchard 1678-1761
- French dentist and a founder of modern dentistry
Etienne-Francois Geoffroy 1672-1731
- French chemist.
- WWW: Etienne-Francois Geoffroy (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Jean-Etienne Guettard 1715-1786
- French geologist and botanist.
- WWW: Jean-Etienne Guettard (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Julien Offroy de La Mettrie 1709-1751
- French physician and philosopher.
- In 1748 he published L'Homme Machine.
- WWW: Julien Offroy de La Mettrie (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Pierre L. M. de Maupertius 1698-1759
- French astronomer, explorer and mathematician
Rene A. F. de Reaumur 1683-1757
- French naturalist, zoologist and physicist.
- Devised the Reaumur temperature scale in 1730.
- WWW: Rene A. F. de Reaumur (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)

Germany/Austria (1710-1750)

Leohnard Euler 1707-1783
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Euler profile)
  - Leonhard Euler (St. Andrews) -- Bio, overview and links.
  - Leohnard Euler (Katerina Kechris) -- Image and bio.
  - Euler Page (D.R. Wilkins) -- Biography and article.
  - Leohnard Euler (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686-1736
- (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Fahrenheit profile)
  - Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
  - Fahrenheit (comptons) -- Biography.
Friedrich Hoffmann 1660-1742
- German physician and medical theorist.
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)

Italy (1710-1750)

Anton Maria Valsalva 1666-1723
- Italian anatomist.
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)

Other (1710-1750)

SWEDEN
- Peter Artedi 1705-1735
  - (WWW links from Baroque Science Essay Artedi profile)
    - Peter Artedi (washington) -- A detailed overview; much info here.
- Anders Celsius 1701-1744
  - Swedish astronomer who devised the Celsius temperature scale (also known as the Centigrade scale) in 1742.
  - WWW: Anders Celsius (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
SWITZERLAND
- Nikolaus Bernoulli 1687-1759
  - Swiss mathematician.
- Gabriel Cramer 1704-1752
  - Swiss mathematician, known for Cramer's Rule in the calculation of determinants.
NETHERLANDS
- Hermann Boerhaave 1668-1738
  - Dutch physician.
  - WWW: Hermann Boerhaave (Britannica) -- Overview and links.
(Late Baroque CultureGrid)

WWW -- General Resources for Baroque Science

Scientific Revolution (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- An impressive collection of source materials and links compiled by Paul Halsall.
The Enlightenment (Internet History of Science Sourcebook) -- From the same site.
The Galileo Project (Rice) -- "The Galileo Project is a hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time." An impressive archive.
The Medieval Synthesis and the Secularization of Human Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution, 1642-1750 (Steven Kreis) -- Online lecture with images and links.
Baroque Science (Malespina) -- Links to pages for Baroque scientists with listings of various resources.
(General Science WWW Resources)
(General Baroque WWW Resources)